A firm, which makes products with level demands on one work center, transitions, without unfilled orders, from their existing repeating schedule to a new one. If the inventory for all products is higher than that needed at any point in the new cycle then they need no transition period. The firm wants to minimize lost orders with a special transition period. The paper examines how to minimize this transition with no lost orders. A complete enumeration of all possible solutions is not always realistic. This paper shows a procedure to produce short and feasible transitions for the transition lot-sizing problem. Key Words: Scheduling, Order fulfillment.

Recycling is seen as a means both for reducing the environmental impact of the residuals of production and consumption as well as a source for secondary resources. Thus, it may enable a company to adjust to environmental needs as being imposed either by nature itself, by consumers, or by government employing environmental policy instruments. This paper examines how the willingness to invest in such technologies is affected by tightening environmental policy. By employing a two-step evaluation approach, it will be possible to identify the determinants of the price ceiling of such an investment under imperfect market conditions. This price ceiling depends on the (corrected) net present values of the payments and on the interdependencies arising from changes in the optimal investment and production programmes. Although the well-established results of environmental economics for a single investment can be confirmed, tightening environmental policy may lead to sometimes contradictory and unexpected consequences for investments in recycling technologies. However, they can be interpreted in an economically comprehensible manner. Keywords: Recycling Technology, Environmental Policy, Investment Appraisal, Corrected Net Present Value, Price Ceiling, Imperfect Markets, Production Planning.

Purpose – The purpose of the study is to examine the Effective Determinations on Organization Agility Practices, Analytical study on information technology organization in Jordan. Design/Methodology/approach: The questionnaire was developed and distributed to the higher managerial employees and the middle managerial employees). The researchers used the simple regression analysis to measure the impact of organization agility on Organizational Performance. Findings: The present study of the relationship between organization agility and organizational performance had a positive effect. Keywords: Organization, Agility, IT, Practices, Jordan.

Past studies tend to depict closed-end fund (CEF) discounts as a measure of individual investor sentiment. While exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are traded by institutional investors by a much higher proportion than CEFs, this paper examines the proposition that premiums or discounts on ETFs are driven by a combined sentiment of institutional and individual investors and hence can act as a proxy for a broader investor sentiment or a more predictive index of market sentiment. The proposition implies that premiums on various ETFs move together, are correlated with prices of other securities which are affected by the same investor sentiment, and can predict stock returns better. We employ correlation analysis, regression analysis, vector autoregressive analysis, and Granger causality test and evidence ETF premiums not only a more comprehensive sentiment indicator but also a prophetic indicator compared to CEF discounts. ETF premiums as a sentiment indicator can predict future returns on various-cap stock portfolios which cannot be attained by CEF discounts. The levels of ETF premiums Granger cause the levels of CEF premiums whereas changes in CEF premiums Granger cause changes in ETF premiums. Keywords: Exchange-Traded Fund, Investor Sentiment, Closed-End Fund Puzzle.

In Mexico, gender violence is considered to be a public health and insecurity problem. National statistics indicate that 47% of women over 15 reported to have had at least one incident of violence. To do the study in the municipality of Toluca, which houses the capital of Mexico’s most populous state, it was chosen a method based on mapping from official records of violence against women in 2009, correlating them against the demographic variables disaggregated by Municipal Delegations. The result of the study is a compendium of maps of Toluca which contains gender violence facts and rates, which sets the basis for developing new integrated models to do a spatial analysis, contributing to provide a timely response to victims and allowing the targeting of information and awareness campaigns. Key Words: Gender Violence, Spatial Analysis, Toluca, Mexico.

The purpose of this research was to conduct a financial assessment to determine the actual technology cost of CDM projects in swine farms in el Bajio, Central and Northern Mexico. For this research, the data provided in the Project Design Document (PDD) available in the framework of the United Nations Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC was used. Of the total number of (44) projects and a subset of 3 projects (Bajio, north and center) on pig farms, each project consists of several farms in the states of Guanajuato, Queretaro, Aguascalientes, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosí, Jalisco and Sonora that were registered with UNFCCC in 2005. The net present value was used to determine -in a 10-year period- the feasibility of the project through sale of the reduction of emission carbon credits (CERs). The variables used were: the cost of reducing a ton of CO2, the number of reduced emissions (CERs) and the selling price of emissions. The results of projects comprising 1) Guanajuato, Aguascalientes and Queretaro and 2) Jalisco and San Luis Potosi, show a negative present value, this means that this is not possible with just the sale of carbon credits. Instead Jalisco, Sonora and Nuevo Leon have a positive value, they are viable if the market price is not less than 15 €/ton. These results allow, in more formal terms, that the presences of CDM projects are suitable for encouraging different agroindustry groups to investment in projects wich tend to reduce greenhouse gases. Taking steps to prevent pollution, this became an additional income for the farm there by enhances a company economically and sustainably. Key Words: Financial Evaluation, Technology, Swine Farms.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between shareholders wealth and dividend policy. Sample of 30 companies from Karachi stock exchange was selected which includes companies from textile, cement and chemical sector. Shareholders wealth is measured with the market price of shares. Dividend per share, retained earnings, lagged price and return on equity was used as independent variables. The estimation based on multiple regression model shows that there is strong relationship between shareholders wealth and dividend policy. The shareholders wealth is increase by dividend policy in case of Pakistan. Keywords: Market Price Per Share, Dividend Per Share, Return on Equity.

This study aims to investigate the impact of Emotional Intelligence on the leadership competencies development of employees within Jordanian industrial companies listed at the Amman Stock Exchange. The study population consists of employees working at these companies. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents surveyed with a total of 154 questionnaires administered to the chosen respondents. Statistical tools were used to test the hypothesis. The findings of this study indicate that there is a significant positive impact of emotional intelligence (self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skill) on leadership competencies development; the study also shows that the most influential dimensions of emotional intelligence is motivation. Key Words: Emotional Intelligence, Development, Leadership Competencies, Employees, Jordan.

The article is focused on adopting a cybernetic approach to construct an organization structure for any typical company. It is aimed at eliminating problems connected with such management functions as planning, coordination and motivation. Keywords: Organization Structures, Systems Thinking, Management Functions, Effective Management.

The importance of shariah members in Islamic financial institutions, in some of its aspects, is to audit and check the financial system in accordance to Islam. Thus, independence status of auditor is complement to the shariah members to function effectively. To be independence shariah auditor, there is need to have separation of duties between shariah auditors and Shariah Committee to perform their duties. The purpose of this study is to assess the importance of the independent of the shariah members in Islamic Cooperative Banks in Malaysia. The methodology adopted in this study is limited to questionnaires distributed to 50 professional accountants in Malaysia. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results proved that fifty two percent of shariah auditors had total independence and played important role in ensuring shariah compliant of products and activities and their practices have been well accepted by stakeholders of Islamic Cooperative Banks. Moreover, sixty seven percent shariah auditors have been given a free reign to perform their functions and were free from intervention by the Shariah Committee during the audit process. However, shariah auditors have less team members to perform their audit services. Furthermore, most shariah auditors agree that there is a lack of expertise or human talent to perform these sorts of audit services currently in Malaysia. Finally, this study has shown that most auditors agree that there is a need to enhance their knowledge and expertise in shariah auditing in order to improve and master shariah accounting and auditing processes. Key Words: Shariah Members, Independence, Cooperative Banks, Shariah Committee, Auditors’ Competencies, Islam.