Terrorism is an action aimed at providing illegal threats, violence and fear to achieve certain goals. As a result, terrorist acts result in economic costs in two dimensions, direct and indirect. Direct costs arising from terrorism include loss of life, costs associated with injuries, damaged property and infrastructure, and other business and trade losses. Along with this, however, there are indirect costs that are felt more intensely afterwards. Indirect costs arise at the economic, financial and fiscal scale, and the effect is felt for a long time. These effects are seen in many areas such as economic growth, foreign direct investment, capital flows, foreign trade, tourism and, unemployment. If all these effects can prevent the consequences, it is possible to say that efforts will be made to combat terrorism. Key Words: Terrorism, Effects of Terrorism, Terrorism and Tourism, Terrorism and Investment, Terrorism and Unemployment.

This article aims to illustrate the liability of all parties involved in the construction of green buildings in comparison with the parties in traditional building contracts in light of the ConsensusDocs 310, and to highlight the traditional Jordanian provisions in this regard. Thus, it discusses joint liability before and under contract. It examines the global typical documents organizing participation in green building represented by the ConsensusDocs 310 and Green Building Addendum (GBA) and it explores the Organizer of Participatory Parties. The paper concludes that the concept of joint liablity in green building is different from that in traditional building and suggests that the Jordanian legislator shall benefit from the ConsensusDocs 310 and GBA in organizing the green building issue. Key Words: Green Building, Joint Liability, ConsensusDocs 310, Construction, Contractor, Owner, Engineer.

Textile enterprises have complex production processes, where technical maintenance departments play a key role in order to achieve the optimal functioning of equipment and machinery. However, as industrial processes, they generate failures that affect production and have an impact on organizational performance. This paper is aimed at presenting a procedure for applying the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis FMEA, by specialized technicians, grouped under the principle of “strategic job families” in the industrial maintenance area of a textile enterprise. It is structured into three parts: a) a theoretical framework that deal with the concepts of critical processes, failure mode, and strategic jobs families; b) the peculiarities of the developed research methodology; and c) the exposition of the main results, which show the pertinence of the employed solution. The results achieved in the investigation showed that, applying the integration of sub-perspectives: Failure Mode and Strategic Jobs Families on the strategic map of the company, resultant hours of dea time in 2015 were 40% lower than in 2012. Key Words: Organizational Development, Strategic Maps, Critical Processes, Failure Mode, Balanced Scorecard.

The empirical results show that the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) and the bivariate AIGARCH (1, 1) model is appropriate in evaluating the relationship of the Hong Kong’s and the Shanghai’s stock markets. The empirical result also indicates that the Hong Kong’s and the Shanghai’s stock markets is a positive relation. The average estimation value of correlation coefficient equals to 0.4868, which implies that the two stock markets is synchronized influence. Besides, the empirical result also shows that the Hong Kong’s and the Shanghai’s stock markets have an asymmetrical effect. The return volatility of the Hong Kong and the Shanghai stock markets receives the influence of the positive and negative values of the U.K. and the U.S. stock market volatility. For example, under the good news of the U.K. and the U.S. stock markets, the empirical result also shows that the Hong Kong and the Shanghai stock markets can reduce the fixed variation risk. Key Words: Stock Mrket, Asymmetric Effect, IGARCH Model, AIGARCH Model.

The study portrayed the impact of Agricultural credit Guarantee scheme fund (ACGSF) on Agricultural Sector Development in Nigeria. Specific objectives were to ascertain the relationship between the ACGSF and the output of the crop sector in Nigeria, to examine the relationship between ACGSF and the output of the livestock sector in Nigeria, and to determine the relationship between ACGSF and the output of the fishery sector in Nigeria measured by respective gross domestic product (GDP). Secondary data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Publications and Statistical Bulletin. Multiple linear regression of ordinary least square (OLS) model was adopted to establish the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between ACGSF and the agricultural sector development evaluated by the sustained rise in its contribution to GDP. The study also revealed that the scheme had given more funds and impacted more on the crop sector over the livestock and fishery sector. The study recommends among others that the scheme should be sustained and the government should invest more in Agricultural development, and measures should be put in place by the management of the scheme to reduce default in payment arising from borrowers. Key Words: Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme, Gross Domestic Product, Livestock, Fishery, Crop Production.

This research is about the management of resource of Indonesia SMEs which done through two stages of research that is based on theory by doing hypothesis testing and doing further exploration about the findings with qualitative approach. In the first phase of this study examine and analyze the influence of business strategy on the relationship between resources and performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Indonesia. From results of hypothesis testing, there are three main findings (1). Resources have a positive effect on both performance indicators, indicating that performance can be improved by adopting advanced manufacturing technology, having skilled workers, availability and quality of natural resources and applying management practices simultaneously and integrated. (2) The findings related to the role of partnership moderation are that the influence of material resources on profitability and operational performance is better at the low level of partnership, but the effect of management practices is higher on the condition of high partnership level. (3). Related to the correlation between the performance measures of this study found that the relative performance of firms compared to the industry average was positively correlated with growth. In the second phase, the research was conducted with in depth interviews about the role of resource management objectives as well as factors that support and obstruct the management of resources to SMEs. The second phase of this study yields the main findings: (1). All companies judge that the general objectives of organizational resource management are for short-term orientation and to relate to the operational aspects of the company. Only a few of their perspectives relate to long-term strategic aspects of the organization such as growth, expansion and long-term survival. (2) Factors supporting the management of resources are mainly relationships and partnerships built with suppliers. (3). Human resource weakness becomes an obstacle in resource management in addition to resource price volatility, technological limitations, and capital. Key Words: Firms Resources, Performance, Growth, Resource Management, and Business Partnerships.

This study investigated the benefits that could be gained by including QR codes in packaging strategies as well as the means by which QR codes should be presented in order to enhance purchase intention. To facilitate the manipulation of scenarios and the study variables, this study adopted an experimental design based on two discrete investigations. Two experiments were conducted to collect data from 290 participants. The results indicate that (1) using QR codes to provide additional information on food packaging can increase the purchase intention of consumers; (2) the aforementioned increasing effect is more significant with ready-to-cook food than with ready-to-eat food; (3) pairing ready-to-eat food with utilitarian information is more effective than pairing it with hedonic information, whereas pairing ready-to-cook food with either utilitarian or hedonic information can increase purchase intention. The findings verify the feasibility of applying QR codes to packaging and help to identify the content best conveyed by QR codes when paired with specific products. Key Words: QR Codes, Cognitive fit Theory, Hedonic Information, Mobile Marketing, Ready-to-Cook.

With the advancement and wide-spread of internet, the academic field also welcomed and placed its focus on e-learning in that it can record the student’s learning process with accuracy and hence raise student learning efficiency. This study combines Expectation Confirmation Theory by Oliver in 1980 combined with Task-Technology Fit Theory by Goodhue and Thompson in 1989 and Technology Acceptance Model by Davis in 1989 to create a new research model in attempt to further investigate on key factors affecting hospitality undergraduate students' behavioral intentions to use the e-learning system in Taiwan. Furthermore, this study use structural equation modeling for analytical method. By examining hospitality undergraduate students’ behavioral intentions from a user’s perspective, these findings will help develop a more friendly e-learning system and determine the best way to promote that system for better learning. Key Words: Hospitality Undergraduate Student, E-learning System, Expectation Confirmation Theory, Task Technology Fit Theory.

Cooperatives are a business model that serves entrepreneurs well because of its open concept and sharing of risk approach. However, the success of cooperatives lies with the entrepreneurs managing it. The objective of this paper is to understand what defines entrepreneurs’ mind-set in making a business successful. This paper will proposed a conceptual model that will be used in a later stage to identify the strength of relationship between variables that will be derived based on existing literature. Key Words: Entrepreneurial mindset, Cooperative, Mindset constructs.

This paper which is part of a doctoral study on the application of Results Based Management in Kenya aims at establishing the influence of target setting on performance of civil servants. The study employed both descriptive survey and case study designs. Specifically, an exploratory sequential design was used. Stratified random sampling and purposive technique were employed to arrive at respondents and interview participants respectively. The study found that target setting had a positive influence on the performance of civil servants in Kenya. This suggested that in the presence of well set targets there could be a possibility of improvement of performance and vice versa. It was also found that target setting was the most critical component of RBM and its application faces intractable challenges; it was therefore recommended that the civil service should fully embrace and integrate target setting as it positively influences the performance of civil servants. Key Words: Results Based Management, Target Setting and Performance of Civil Servants.