The purpose of this study was to identify the social as well as personal factors that force consumer buying intentions towards electronic gadget. To achieve the objective of the study, survey was conducted. The collected data was analyzed through regression analysis to determine the casual relationship of consumer identities and consumer buying intentions. The major results of this study were: a significant and positive relationship between social identity and purchase intention; a positive but partially significant relationship between personal identity and purchase intention; product involvement significantly and positively moderates the relationship of social identity, and purchase intention and price consciousness significantly moderates the relationship of personal identity and purchase intention. Pervious researches mainly focused on the effect of motivational factors like perceived usefulness, commitment and satisfaction of consumer behavior, and very few considered the social or personal influence on purchase intention. This study tries to fulfil this gap by investigating the effect of social and personal identity on buyer’s intention. Key Words: Buying Intention, Electronic Gadgets, Social Identity, and Personal Identity.

In the 1990s, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems were the pioneers in business process management, by replacing legacy systems which became obsolete. These first implementations faced countless problems, but mainly, the lack of experience of all the parties involved. Quite a few of these experiences and difficulties have been documented over the years; But, all this literature being very different from each other, makes it difficult to unify criteria. However, some have proposed an integrative methodology from the study of the published literature. This research develops the descriptive-comparative analysis between the integration approach and the methodologies used in practice, such as the ones used by consulting firms like: Ernst & Young and Deloitte; ERP development firms: SAP and Oracle, as well as OpenERP and OpenBravo, from the open software community. The results point to Deloitte's proposal as the most complete, although the majority of these methodologies neglect the tactical aspect of such implementations. Key Words: ERP, Implementation, Methodologies, Open Source Software, Integrative Approach, Development Firms ERP Methodologies, Consulting Firms Erp Methodologies.

The study examined the impact of regulation justice on the job loyalty and discrimination of the Organization and the impact of regulatory justice on behavioral corruption in the organizations. It was applied on two companies, the Yarmouk Water Company and the Al-Kharba Samra for producing electricity in Jordan. The sample of the study conducted on (171) workers representing employers and employees from both companies mentioned. The aim of the study was to know how much the Jordanian companies do apply the organizational justice to achieve the organizational loyalty on the employees. So that, will affect positively or negatively on the employees. The hypotheses were formulated as following: 1. There is no statistically significant effect at the moral level (05.0 ≥α) of organizational justice on organizational loyalty for the employees of the organization. 2. There is no statistically significant effect at the moral level (05.0 ≥α) of organization justice on behavioral corruption of the employees of the organization. 3. There are no statistically significant differences in the degree of applying the organizational justice of the employee’s due to the variables of gender, experience and the qualification. The study was showing the following results: 1-There is a statistically significant impact at the moral level (05.0 ≥α) of organizational justice on organizational loyalty of the employees. However, the leaders do not consult subordinates when making decisions, and employees' salaries may not be compared with the efforts exerted. For this reason, an employee will not be able to refuse any job offer. In addition, the high management is not a ware about complaints of the employees. 2- There is a statistically significant impact at the moral level (05.0 ≥α) of organizational justice on behavioral corruption for the employees who are working in that organization. 3- There are no statistically significant differences in the degree of applying organizational justice on the employee’s due to gender, experience and qualification variables. Accordingly, the following points should be taken into consideration as the study recommended. The interest in workers queries and needs can be implemented through letting them to participate in making decisions, take responsibility on their work, salaries increment, moral and physical incentives, making equivalence among their duties to work, and their rights and distributing the responsibility. These factors will lead to achieve their lifestyle and stability of the work. So that, they will not be forced to find any new job offers. Key Words: Organizational Justice, Job Loyalty, Behavioral Corruption, Business Organization and Jordan.

Job interviews are resourceful to address discourse of flexibility and thus it helps learners of English aware of it critically. However, this relationship between questions for a job interview and the discourse of flexibility needs further exploration due to its limited number of studies on it (Chun, J.2016; Campbell-Avenell, Z.2017; Dunford, R. et. al 2013). This paper contributes to this area of inquiry by employing critical discourse analysis in investigating construction and negotiation of flexibility through an exercise of a job interview. Data are drawn from three sets of job interview exercise conducted in 2016 with 24 students of English Study Program of Madiun State Polytechnic. Two stages of analysis are carried out. Firstly, the patterns of questions in the job interview is presented and distributed. Secondly, the process of questioning and answering and their relation to the discourse of flexibility is analyzed. Findings and discussion reveal that the patterns of questions not only function for asking new and contextual information but also for evaluating interlocutor’s knowledge, for showing expectation, and as social control. The questions are closely related to flexibility discourse that involves the behavior of being highly responsive to any possible shift of regular format, target, and process to help make minor short-term steps in new budgeting and outsourcing. Negotiation of flexibility in the side of applicants is evident from the emerging patterns of the length of the declarative form of the reply, the adaptability of reply to the questions, and the degree of uncertainty of the reply. Key Words: Applicant, Job Interview, Critical Discourse Analysis, Flexibility, Negotiation.

The Libya’s revolutionary government after the Gaddafi regime legislated the prohibition of all dealings that involve interest (riba). Commercial banks were then obliged to convert to Islamic banking from January 1, 2015. This law was practically difficult to implement, which led to the extension of its implementation until 2020. This paper traces the origin of this transformation process right from the independence of Libya in 1951 to identify the motives, obstacles and underlying issues in the transformation process to Islamic banking. There is still no full-fledged Islamic bank operating in Libya because of these problems. Some of the key problems include inadequacy of a framework for Islamic banking and lack of skilled manpower in Libyan banks regarding Islamic banking products. Other problems are lack of knowledge about the theory and practice of Islamic banking among stakeholders and their unawareness and negative perceptions on Islamic banking system. The banks in Libya are also not willing to set strategies that will aid in a successful conversion due to resistance to change attitude especially among bank managers. Indeed, the current political, economic and social environment is in a dearth that seriously affect the progress of the transition program. Key Words: Libya, Islamic Banking, Transformation Process, Literature Review, Islamic Financial System.

Parliaments are information-driven and knowledge resource intensive institutions. Parliaments’ business is embedded in the demand for, and the use of quality information and knowledge. The impact of effective knowledge management (KM) practices in parliaments is noted as a key platform to enhance constitutional democracies. The research reviews the current KM practices and their effectiveness in the Parliament of South Africa and provides an understanding of what is working well and what is not. An exploratory research design was used in a combined approach. For the qualitative research, face-to-face structured interviews were conducted with fifteen selected senior managers to elicit their views. For the quantitative research, an on-line survey was distributed using Parliament’s staff group e-mail account. The KM practices were assessed using a KM assessment tool based on seven organisational categories: KM leadership, people and culture, KM process (knowledge use), KM practices and resources, technology, KM outcomes, and learning and innovation. The research provides valuable guidelines and key considerations for senior managers in parliaments who are contemplating KM, or are in the initial stages of implementing KM. The research further recommends how to improve KM practices in the Parliament of South Africa. Key Words: Knowledge Management Practices, Assessment Tools, Parliaments.

This study seeks to explore the degree of market integration and price transmission in poultry products markets of Punjab. Time series data of daily prices of poultry meat and eggs for 980 days were collected from Poultry Research Institute Rawalpindi (PRI). The data then manipulated in average weekly prices and converted into 140 observations for the time October, 2009 to May, 2012. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test was used to check the stationarity of data. ADF results showed that all variables were stationary at first difference. Johnson Cointegration and Granger Causality techniques were used to analyze the data. Augmented results revealed that markets of Lahore, Rawalpindi, Faisalabad and Multan were integrated with each other for price transmission and related physical arbitrage. The results of linear Granger Causality analysis led us to the conclusion that regardless of the sample considered, there was uni-directional relationship or in other words short-run uni-directional causality exists between the variables. It is suggested that government should regulate the prices of poultry products so that benefits could move from large businessman to small ones. Small businessman associations should be established who determine the prices of day-old chicks and eggs. In this regard, government should facilitate these associations in regulating their activities. Key Words: Market Integration, Cointegration, Granger Causality, Physical Arbitrage and Price Transmission.

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of organizational Identification on organizational commitment among governmental employees in Jordan. In order to achieve the study objectives the researcher developed a questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 317 who were selected randomly. And the researcher used proper statistical analysis to answer the study questions and test the hypotheses. The study findings show that the general average of organizational identification among governmental employees was moderate (3.43) and the organizational commitment was moderate too (3.04), and there is a significant statistical impact of organizational identification on organizational commitment. Key Words: Organizational loyalty, Organizational Similarity, Affiliation, Normative Commitment, Affective Commitment, Continuance Commitment.

Celebrity advertisements can bring great benefits to the advertisers if properly handled. Otherwise they will not necessarily generate celebrity effects. We should conform to Relevance Theory when deciding whether we should choose celebrities, which celebrity to choose and how to design the lines of advertisements, etc. Also we should handle properly the relevance of celebrities and their popularity among target consumers, of celebrities and advertisement themes and of celebrities and products. Key Words: Celebrity Advertisements, Relevance Theory, Consumers, Advertisers.

This research studied two topics: First, applying El-Menouar’s Muslim religiosity scale (2014) where in Indonesia it had never been used. Second, extending the Theory of Reasoned Action with the variable of religiosity. We took the sample randomly from 4 cities and 4 regencies in Indonesia. Data gathering by questionnaires, interviews, observations, and reviews of relevant literature. Structural Equation Modeling is an analytical tool for measuring variables and for hypotheses testing purposes. We employed Latent Variable Score to simplify religiosity construct. The results showed that attitude and subjective norms empirically prove to have a positive effect on intention to wear hijab. While religiosity has no effect on intention to wear hijab, it does, however, affect the attitude. The influence of subjective norms on intention to wear hijab is greater than the influence of religiosity on attitudinal-mediated hijab wearing intention. Because of the chosen research approach, the research results may lack generalizability. In the future, we suggest others to retest the conceptual model in order robust it. For business, marketing communications need to involve a fashionable Islamic public figure. The goal is to change consumer behavior through an influential person and change the underlying beliefs of attitudes to be positive to the product. The application of El-Menouars restricted Muslim religiosity scale is the first in Indonesia. This study also strengthens Theory of Reasoned Action as one of the prominent theories of behavior. Key Words: Religiosity, Attitude, Hijab-wearing Intention, Latent Variable Score, Theory of Reasoned Action, Muslim Religiosity Scale.