This research aims to examine the “handmade effect” - if, how and why customers choose handmade over machine-made and products not mentioning production mode. By interviewing and distributing three questionnaire surveys to 531 well-selected respondents, the research has been the first series of tests succeeded to prove the handmade effect as well as explain and compare which attributes determine customer’s purchasing intention between high and low involvement handmade products; and contribute to stimulate the development and preservation of traditional handicraft. ANOVA, MANOVA and Polynomial regression are performed and suggest that despite the rapid development of automatically machine, products promoted as handmade are still in consumers’ favor thanks to their outstanding features. Based on these initial statistic evidences handmade producers and marketers could focus to highlight products differentiations, hence promote more efficiently. The findings also enable governments and other related stakeholders to preserve and promote traditional handicraft products into contemporary markets by forming more effective marketing approaches. Key Words: Handmade, High-Involvement, Low-Involvement, Customer Purchasing Intention, Traditional Handicraft.
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Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction in Islamic Banking in Pakistan NAEEM AKHTAR, UMAIR SHOUQAT, ALI RAZA, HAFIZ MUHAMMAD AZEEM AKHTAR, MUHAMMAD IJAZ and TAHIR MAQSOOD Pages: 610-619
Purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between customer satisfaction with service quality and customer loyalty in Islamic banking sector in Pakistan. There is positive or significant result between customer satisfaction with service quality or also positive or significant relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. In this research customer satisfaction is dependent variable and service quality or customer loyalty is independent variable. For data collection questionnaire method used.150 questionnaire distributed and 120 questionnaire collected. This research is conducted in Okara, Renala Khurd and depalpur. Finding of this study, there is week relationship between variables. I suggested further researchers should change variables or can change population or area of this study. In this study some variables used for research next research should increase variables for furthermore research. Key Words: Customer Satisfaction, Service Quality, Customer Loyalty, Bank.
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Cause Attribute and Consumer Purchase Intention: Empirical Evidence from Beverage Sector in Pakistan NAEEM AKHTAR, FAZAL UR REHMAN, MUHAMMAD SHAHID, MUHAMMAD UMAIR, ALI RAZA and MUHAMMAD AKRAM Pages: 620-633
The given study was conducted to explain the influence of cause attribute on consumer purchase intention in beverages sector of Pakistan. Pepsi product of beverage sector helpful for data collected five point liker scale. The questionnaire were personally conducted at Okara for analyze data, statistical package for social sciences (S.P.S.S) version 16 Cronbach’s Alpha test was use for reliability of instrument’s, multiple regression and correlation test were applied to measure size and nature of association among hypothesis and variables. The result of data analysis should positive result congruence between the firm’s product and cause, donation amount proximity donation and the purchase intention. Key Words: Congruence Between The Firm’s Product And Cause, Degree Of Cause’ Participation For Consumer, Donation Amount, Proximity Donation, Purchase Intention.
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Impacts of Guerrilla Marketing on Consumer Buying Behavior NAEEM AKHTAR, HAMMAD AHMAD, MUHAMMAD SHAHID, WASEEM ABBAS, HUMA RAZA and ADEEL AHMAD Pages: 634-642
Guerrilla marketing is much cheaper than other advertising techniques. Now a day’s marketer are used guerrilla marketing frequently and avoiding the other traditional techniques and it is mostly based on Word-of-Mouth technique. The purpose of this study is to check the impact of guerrilla marketing on consumer buying behavior. The variables are involved in this study one is Guerrilla marketing and other is Consumer buying behavior. Guerrilla marketing is the independent variable and consumer buying behavior is dependent variable. In these variables positive relation are occurs. The study which is conducted quantitative in nature in this study sector is tobacco industry and area is Okara Pakistan with 200 sample sizes. The study will be analyzed by linear regression analysis using SPSS software the survey is conducted with the help of questionnaire technique the study is exploratory and five points likert scale is used (1-5) 1 is given by Strongly Disagree and 5 is given to Strongly Agree. Key Words: Guerrilla Marketing, Impact, Buying Behavior.
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Impact of Liquidity Management on Profitability in Banking Sector of Pakistan TAHIR MAQSOOD, MUHAMMAD AKMAL ANWAR, ALI RAZA, MUHAMMAD IJAZ and UMAIR SHOUQAT Pages: 643-652
Profitability play very important role in every organization. In banking sector t tells about how much we have earn against its expenses and how much we have to bear within a year or more than one year. And this research paper shows the impact of liquidity management on profitability. Liquidity means that easily covetable to cash in other words those assets which are can be converted into cash in short term period. And profitability means revenues more than its total expense is called profitability. And the banking sector of Pakistan is chose as sector and country is Pakistan and there is a significant relationship between liquidity and profitability eight 8 banks financial reports are taken and 8 years data is taken from 2004 to 2015 for this research paper and the banks are selected bank of Punjab, allied bank, united bank, askari bank, alfalah bank, meezan bank, jahangir saddiqui bank and Muslim commercial bank limited are selected. Pooled analysis is used to summarize the data of correlation and regression. There was a short time to collect data more than eight banks and 8 years data and further it is suggested that new researcher can take more than eight 8 banks and can take more than 8 years data from financial reports and also can take other formulas in profitability and liquidity like quick ratio, return on equity, return on investment and net profit margin as for further research and also can take other ratios as dependent and independent variable in different sectors. Key Words: Banking Sector, Liquidity Management, Profitability.
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Impact of Job Satisfaction & Remuneration on Turnover Intention : A Survey of (Private) Schools of (Okara) Pakistan NAEEM AKHTAR, ABDUL WAHEED AHMAD AWAN, MUHAMMAD AKMAL ANWAR, SOHAIL SAEED, SAJID ALI and MUHAMMAD QURBAN Pages: 653-675
The main objective of this study was exploring the association of turnover intention with the variables that are Job Satisfaction and Remuneration among faculty members at business school of Pakistan. The study started with the existing theories in human resource managements, based on which, hypotheses were proposed. In order to achieving aims or purposes of research the hypotheses discussed in literature review were tested through the test of association i.e. Chi Square, and the Co-relation Coefficient, which described the mutual association and relationships of their aspects. For calculation of Co-relation Spearman Rank Order formula was used. Multistage sampling technique was adopted in order to select an appropriate and representative sample. The teachers of private sector business institutions working during 2015 in the District Okara were the population of the study. The study was delimited to the private sector institutions offering Bachelor degree in Commerce and I.Com. The reason for selecting the private institutions was that the faculty turnover in public sector, commercial and commerce colleges was minimum. A sample size of 110 self-reported respondents was purposively drawn. Total number of 200 questionnaires was directly delivered to the facility members of selected institutions. Out of which 160 were received back, from which only 150 questionnaires were useable, representing response rate 80%. The data were collected by using 5 point Likert scales questionnaire, in which closed ended questions were asked from the target population. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS software. The result of study overall result suggesting that Turnover intension is significantly negative correlated with factors such as job satisfaction and remuneration. Result also suggesting majority of the faculty members are intending to quit present job and looking for a new one although they are satisfied with their present job. The faculty members are being paid satisfactorily. Moreover, they consider recognition and effective supervisory support important for enhancing their performance. As far as the work life policies are concerned, the faculty members find themselves at ease in managing their official work in addition to their domestic responsibilities. The study is a good reference point of turnover intention of business school’s faculty members. This study would assist the human resource managers, principals and owners of business schools to take preemptive actions to improve quality of work life, career development opportunities, and the work conditions of business school teachers or professors in order to encourage them to stay and dismay them from departure. It is becoming more crucial for HR managers to recruit and retain talented faculty members. The study furnishes them with beneficial background knowledge for their anticipation of future trend and giving truer consultant information to the human resource managers, principals and owners of business schools. Moreover, this study will also furnishes or provide help to forthcoming researchers to get the idea of research to be carried on. Key Words: Job Satisfaction, Remuneration and Turnover Intention Faculty Members.
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Impact of A.T.M Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction: An Empirical Study in Kasur Pakistan Banking Sector NAEEM AKHTAR, ALI RAZA, UMER IQBAL SIDDIQI, TAHIR MAQSOOD, UMAIR SHOUQAT and MUHAMMAD IJAZ Pages: 676-687
The purpose of study identifies the dimensions of A.T.M service quality that effect the customer satisfaction. In banking sector data was collected through questionnaire with five point likert scale and sample size 100 by using convenience sampling technique. SPSS 20 used as statistical tests for the analysis of correlation and regression.Regression analysis found that positive and significant result relationship between price, reliability, responsiveness, convenience, security, service quality on customer satisfaction. The management of MCB bank should work on price, reliability, service quality of A.T.M. In that study convenience sampling technique was used for sampling objectives because bank managers don’t show willingness to share the personal information of their customer due to privacy issues. So, the future research would be conducted by using random sampling technique for further generalizability of results. Key Words: Service Quality, Reliability, Security and Customer Satisfaction.
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A Study on Correlation between Leader-Member Exchange and Employee Creativity: The Impacts of Knowledge Sharing and Organizational Commitment YOEUNG SOTHAN Pages: 688-704
The purpose of the study was developed and tested the model of the correlations between leader-member exchange (LMX), knowledge sharing, employee creativity, and organizational commitment. The study was conducted on 17 hotels operating in Cambodia, international and local hotels chain (four and five star hotels). A survey design with simple sizes of 342 respondents from managerial and non-managerial employees was adopted. The questionnaire was developed by using a-5 point Likert scale. The structural equation model (SEM) in AMOS 21.0 and hierarchical regression analysis in SPSS 20.0 were applied to test research hypotheses. The results indicated that leader-member exchange had positive and significant influence on knowledge sharing and employee creativity, respectively; knowledge sharing had not only positively significant influence on employee creativity, but also partially mediated on relationship between leader-member exchange and employee creativity; and organizational commitment was also positively significant moderation on relationship between knowledge sharing and employee creativity, too. The findings are to fulfill the gap of literature and empirical study. Key Words: Leader-Subordinate Relationships, Knowledge Sharing, Creativity, Employees Commitment, Hotel Organization, Cambodia.
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Towards Enhancing the Managerial Performance of School Heads CRUZ, CAROL DAHLIA P., M.A, VILLENA, DANILO K, NAVARRO, ERLINDA V, BELECINA, RENE R and GARVIDA, MARC D Pages: 705-714
The main purpose of this study was to determine the level of managerial performance of school heads, their strengths and weaknesses in the different areas of school management as perceived by school head themselves, their teachers, and senior students. It attempted to propose an enhancement plan based on the identified weaknesses vis-à-vis the managerial performances of school heads in performing their functions. The study used a descriptive method of research that involved the participation of four (4) schools in the Division of Cavite, with their ten (10) school heads, thirty-eight (38) teachers, and one hundred thirty-four (134) senior students. The validated survey instrument containing 50 questions were used and covered assigned seven (7) areas of school management namely the (1) vision-mission-goals, (2) curriculum and instructional management, (3) financial and budgeting management, (4) school plant and facilities, (5) student services management, (6) community relations management, and (7) management of school improvement plan. The findings and results of the study revealed school heads exhibited very satisfactory level in performing their managerial functions in all management areas identified. It also revealed that there were significant differences in the managerial performance of school heads in the areas of vision-mission-goals, financial and budgeting, physical plant and facilities, community relations and management of school improvement plan. The data on the weaknesses of school heads in performing managerial functions in identified areas of school management provided the basis in proposing an enhancement plan that may be used in improving their functions and in providing a key to more development programs for school heads in the division. Key Words: School Heads, Managerial Performance, Managers, Management, Educational Leaders.
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Fiscal Policy For Small-Sized Enterprises in Zaragoza, Spain ANALAURA MEDINA-CONDE and UZIEL FLORES-ILHUICATZI Pages: 715-731
In Spain micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) constitute more than 95% of all businesses. In this context the objective of our research was to carry out an analysis of the fiscal policy of MSMEs in Spain. In order to carry out the judicial research we used two methods to achieve two specific objectives. For the analysis of the fiscal policy applied to MSMEs we used the Juridical Dogmatic method which involves the study of property taxes and fiscal regimes. The second constituted a statistical analysis of the municipality of Zaragoza, Spain. Key Words: Judicial Analysis, MSME, Income Tax, Fiscal Incentives, Corporation Tax.
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Creating Customer Value and Its Implication To Customer Loyalty: An Empirical Study at Star Hotels in West Java, Indonesia ANANTA BUDHI DANURDARA and NURDIN HIDAYAH Pages: 732-742
This paper is an empirical study that presents a comprehensive framework of relationships among customer value and customer loyalty in star hotel. The samples were collected from the guest were staying at 3 (three), 4 (four) and 5 (five) star hotels in West Java-Indonesia. A total of 210 respondents participated in this study and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were conducted to test the hipothesis. The test results provide an empirical evidence that the higher customer value will increase customer loyalty at star hotel. Beside, the results indicated that the customer value is a crucial role in the hotel industry and it is expected to be beneficial to the practice of business and hopefully it will also contribute to the development of management science, especially marketing management. Key Words: Customer Value, Customer Loyalty, Hotel Industry, Structural Equation Modeling.
