The objective of the research was to examine the role of innovation and collaborative networks on the competitiveness of the Localized Agrifood System “San Miguel Tecomatlan” (SMT-LAS) located central Mexico and formed by a concentration of Rural Agro-industry that produce artisan bread. SMT-LAS has its competitiveness in comparative and competitive advantages, the first are given by factors of location, the seconds have to do with the ability to efficiently use its resources and add value over time. These are strategies that derive from the innovative and entrepreneurial capacity of the actors in the SMT-LAS. We find product innovations, process, organization and market, which allow the system to cope with the changes and demands of the environment. Moreover, the existence of a dense network of relationships has led to the creation of a favorable environment for individual and collective learning. Key Words: Rural Agro-industries, México, Artisan Bread.

An African restaurant located in Nicosia, North Cyprus as of late is faced with several challenges, and problems of which it is yet to rectify. The purpose of this project is to first clearly identify these issues, and find solutions to them. The main issues identified in the African restaurant’s case are: Competition, delivery, diversification of its menu, supply and suppliers, management and staff, hygiene control, closing distance to schools, advertising, pricing, customer service, meeting customer expectations, and customer loyalty in order of importance. Several solutions have been carved out using business analysis tools such as the SWOT analysis, and both theoretical and practical advice have been offered. Some of which includes focusing on gaining a competitive advantage by being the first to diversify its current menu, and the need to share management responsibilities in order to gain higher levels of effectiveness and efficiency. Key Words: African Restaurant Management, Competition, Diversification, Differentiation, Supply, Demand.

The aim of study is to examine the relationship between the management, employee performance, and organization structure, financial and non-financial banking system. Data was collected through questionnaire on five point Likert scale from 100 respondents by using convenience sampling technique. Data is collected from organization employee, this study is conducted with the reference of Pakistan. Correlation and regression analysis were used as statistical tests. Through regression analysis it was found that employee performance had strong positive significant relationship with management satisfaction whereas management had weak relationship with organization. The correlation analysis found that the significant relationship between the organization structure .employee performance, management satisfaction. The Cronbach alpha reliability is 0.955, it concludes that product attributes have positive relationship with organization structure. SPSS version 20 is used for data analysis and End-Note version twenty is use for citations and references. Key Words: Management Satisfaction, Employee Performance, Organization Structure, Ratio Analysis, Banking Sector, Management Performance, Economic Growth, Financial Development, Pakistan.

In Knowledge-Based-Economy, capturing and leveraging the value of innovation is generally held to be the path for sustainable wealth creation and regional development. In globalization knowledge era, intelligent National Innovation System (NIS) can accomplish noticeable standards of welfare and regional economic development. The Egyptian national innovation ecosystem is not serving the economic development well. Although, there are some activities that have been spent in establishing the national innovation ecosystem but the results were not as predicted. Academia entities - that are called the innovation factory - are working in isolated islands. Additionally, industrial sector is not linked to the scientific producers as well because of many critical reasons. Therefore, it is an essential requirement to have a future innovation strategy. A part of this strategy is building an intelligent innovation system to effectively connect these isolated components and to provide practical solutions to some of the existing social problems. This research provided a proposal of intelligent NIS for regional development- that gathers, organizes, and leads the national commercialization innovation practices. This model is a comprehensive system that can be customized to work simultaneously as a national innovation system and as a regional development system. This model tried to achieve many benefits (e.g. to accelerate the economic growth, solve the social problems with scientific ways and to allow the contribution of the innovation ecosystem in the country modernization). This proposal used the artificial intelligence as an analytical tool to analyze, match and suggest innovative solutions to every region based on specific criteria. Key Words: Open Innovation, Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge Economy, Data Warehouse, Regional Development.

Capital is considering blood of bank strength. Since, it helps banking sector to operate activities. In the event of difficulties it enables banks to operate continuously in viable and sound manners and solves the difficulties. This study examined the effect of capital structure (debt to equity) on profitability, liquidity, tangibility, interest rate and growth rate to measure performance of banking sector of Pakistan. For this study include five banks annual reports between 2005 and 2015. The research work use pooled analysis to summarize the data for correlation and regression. The result shows that there are positive significant relationships between profitability, tangibility, liquidity, interest rate, and growth rate and capital structure. The paper that major player such as policy maker, bank manager and financial analyst to understand the variables that impact that effect the Pakistani banking industries and increase competitiveness in banking industries. I have short of time and use only eleven years financial reports of five banks. Future researcher should propose to increase numbers of banking and include more variables. Key Words: Banking Sector, Capital Structure, Profitability, Liquidity, Tangibility, Interest Rate, Growth Rate.

The purpose of the research paper is to collect information about the impact of service quality on customer satisfaction in National Bank of Pakistan. In business world it is believe that customers are considered the impotent to run every kind of business and makes profit. Therefore, studies need to focus the changing role of banking system. To test the impact of service quality on customer satisfaction the data collected from 150 customers of National bank of Pakistan. The statistical populations of the research are the customers of National banks and the data was collected using the questionnaire and also the data has been analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the study indicate that there is positive significant relationship among service features. Service quality and customers complaints. Key Words: Banking Sector, Serives, Quality, Customer Satisfaction.

This study aim was examine the impact of employee’s compensation discrimination on the performance of employee of Engro food limited leader of Sahiwal, leader industry of food limited Sahiwal in Punjab Pakistan factors and how different factors affect their performance. In this research paper researcher explicated the factors which increase employee’s performance. These factor are work load and environment. Bonuses, equal compensation, social relationship with colleagues and stress and organization policies. Mostly use in this research paper use primary data was collected through questionnaire. Data was collected from the employees of Engro food limited and Al Hammed Food limited and leader industry Sahiwal in Punjab Pakistan. A sample size is 100 was selected to conducted research. Multiple regressions and correlation has been involve to use analysis the data with SPSS. The result of the study shows that compensation has critical role in the recruitment and retention of employees. This research has revealed that in some industry there is a gab or discrimination on the basis of designation. Moreover, the level will enable the practitioners and employees of Engro food. Alhammad food and leader industry to reduce job turnovers and increase the level of employee’s performance. Because retaining experienced employees is better and cheaper than hiring new ones and train them. Key Words: Equals Compensation, Work Load, Performance, Management and Relationship.

This research attempts to review various researches in term of relationships between rewards, performance appraisal and training & development on job satisfaction. Purpose of this study was to find out that how these factors effect on job satisfaction. Different colleges are chosen for data collection. The study was based mainly on Primary data in form of questionnaires. Questionnaire is adopted from previous papers with 5 likert scale and the sample size was 200. Study shows the positive and significant relationship between dependent and independent variables. Researcher used correlation, regression and reliability analysis to analyze the data. Extent of research emphasize on the relationship between employee performance and job turnover as independent with the moderating role of pay-for-performance on job satisfaction. Key Words: Training & Development, Performance Appraisal, Reward System, Job Satisfaction.

The research is conducted to determine the impact of HR practices i.e. supervision, compensation, co-worker and intent to leave on job satisfaction of employees of public and private sector (school and colleges of Okara, Renala and Depalpur). Hypothesis testing is used to explain the relationship among variables as the research is explanatory. The study is on schools and colleges of district Okara. Sample size used for this purpose is 100 respondents. The independent variables are supervision, compensation, co-worker and intent to leave. Dependent variable is job satisfaction. SPSS 16 is used to analyze the data. The analyzed results shows that there is some impact of supervision, compensation, co-worker and intent to leave on job satisfaction but supervision and compensation have significant positive impact on job satisfaction as compare to co-worker and intent to leave. Co-worker and intent to leave have no significant relationship with job satisfaction. The largest influence comes from supervision and compensation. Key Words: Supervision, Compensation, Co-Worker, Intent to Leave, Job Satisfaction.

Knowledge management is fundamental to the survival of SMEs. This paper describes the results obtained regarding the processes of knowledge management in thirty SMEs in the service sector, located in the city of Chihuahua, MX. The spiral model of organizational knowledge creation by Nonaka and Takeuchi was used as a reference, along with its dimensions of: Socialization, Internalization, Externalization and Combination. An instrument aimed at this SME’s employees was developed. The results described the values assigned by the employees to these different dimensions, which were later analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and linear regression. It was found that the category of Externalization contributed with the highest value, followed by Combination and Socialization dimensions. Meanwhile, Internalization activities subtract value to the process of knowledge management. This allows us to conclude that there’s a distinct lack of strategies and processes that encourage the generation of organizational knowledge for these SMEs, particularly in conversion from explicit to tacit knowledge. Key Words: Sice Model, Service Organizations, México, Knowledge Generation, Organizational Knowledge.