This study focused on reviewing the findings of previous studies to explore the administrative and development uses of performance appraisal. The study applied descriptive research design and collected the data from the Human Resource Management Books as well as the research articles on the various journals published in refereed international journals in dedicated Human resource management, applied psychology, and management journals. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify the uses of performance appraisal including administrative and development uses. The study found that Performance appraisal outcomes are used for administrative decisions such as promotions, demotions, terminations, layoffs, and transfer decisions as well as for development decisions including performance improvement plans, training and development decisions, and career planning and development decisions. The study recommends that Organizations should set and develop a clear and systematic performance appraisal system as well as clear, realistic, and achievable performance goals and communicate performance expectations to the employees. The organizations should also make the Performance appraisal manuals available to the employees in the organizations for guidance about the performance appraisal process. Finally, the study recommends that Performance Appraisers should be trained in conducting performance appraisals since the performance appraisal results are used for administrative and development decisions.

Keywords: Performance Appraisal, Administrative Decisions, Development Decisions.

Public sector plays an important role in organizational development through social exchange theory as a supposed and conceptualizing the impacts of organizational development on different worker mentalities and practices. This study investigates the organizational developmentand its components that are related with employee engagement and its impact on employee commitment and organization identity. Data has been collected from public universities in Peshawar. Study includes the universities staff, professors, students which given the answer of the questionnaire and the result where declare in 200 questionnaires. This study is qualitative and primary data has collected from the private universities. Organizational development is a process for creativity and employee commitment with developmental expereince through which employees connected with the organization. It allows the organization and its workers with the right talents and setting them in positions as shown by the level of their capability and abilities The result of the study shows significant relationship with independent variable employees are more committed to their work and strategic human resource play very important role to achieve the employee’s commitment in the organization and through that, the employees can achieve the employee engagement and organizational identity that can support the organization and their employee.

Keywords: Organizational Development, Creativity, Developmental Experience.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between employee job satisfaction and motivation in the telecommunications industry. The statistics show that the most important factors influencing occupational happiness are motivation. The results show that organizational commitment, organizational culture and motivation, are the factors that have the biggest impacts on employment happiness (job satisfaction). In telecommunications firms, there was a lack of employee satisfaction. This paper looked at the significance of the work environment, compensation, equality, promotions, job security, relationships with supervisors, and connections with coworkers, as Ill as their influence on job satisfaction. All of Karachi's small telecom providers are contacted to collect statistics. During the study, it was found that certain employees consented to take part in the survey research. An employee who is completely content fosters optimism and high morale, which is advantageous to the company as a whole. The sample size for the close-ended questionnaires used to gather quantitative data was 400 telecom workers. The data Ire subjected to regression analysis using SPSS, and the outcomes Ire significant. It's encouraging that most workers in the telecom sector are content with their positions. This study's main objective was to investigate how factors including organizational structure, pay, culture, and job security, connections with coworkers and managers, and motivation affect job satisfaction. In addition to providing insights into the underlying reasons for discontent and suggestions for change, this study provides a comprehensive examination of the work satisfaction indicators in the telecom industry.

Keywords: Motivation, Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Culture, Extrinsic Motivation, Intrinsic Motivation.

Many researchers have studied digital marketing and its impact on online purchases in recent years, few studies have been found related to textile products and its purchase in Karachi. The purpose of the study is to explore the impact of digital marketing towards online purchase. The relation is moderated by EWOM and Trust across the consumers of textile products in Karachi. This study is quantitative in nature and follows a deductive research approach. Stratified random sampling was used to select respondents from 6 districts of Karachi. The questionnaire was filled by 300 online shoppers. Data were analyzed by advanced statistical methods operated in Smart PLS and SPSS. The results disclosed that the DM has a significantly positive effect on online purchase of textile products. The moderating effect of trust is also established between the proposed relationships. But the moderator EWOM significantly weakens the proposed relationship. The results are discussed and recommendations are made for the target sector will be available. It is hoped that the research results will be useful not only for the target field in particular, but also for other fields in general. 

Keywords: Digital Marketing, Online Purchase, EWOM, Trust, Karachi, Textile Industry.

The primary purpose of this study is to appraise Moral hazard effects on financial transactions and how it infringes on banking institutions performance in Nigeria. The study employed Survey design and data were collected using Random Sampling technique through the distribution of analytical and weighted questionnaires. Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) strategy which produces a Correlation coefficient (r) and the Coefficient of Determination (r2) were adopted for data analysis. The findings were quite robust as all three models estimated showed that Moral hazard effects on Debt, Depositor and Equity contracts had moderately high coefficients which can be interpreted to mean the existence of Moral hazard in these transactions. The economic environment it presents is that Moral hazard existence in financial tranadasactions induced distress syndrome in the industry. Thus, we concluded that Moral hazard effects on financial transactions caused to some extent devastating business environment that infringed negatively on banking performance. We therefore recommend workshops for client to improve their actions and minimize their default rates and training and re-training for employees to understand their role in organizational effectiveness particularly with respect to banking in Nigeria.

Keywords: Moral Hazard, Financial Transactions, Performance, Banking Institutions, Nigeria.