The ecommerce market of Pakistan reached the rank of 46th largest market in 2020 with revenue of US$4 billion, which makes it stand before Peru but still behind Greece. The growth of e-commerce not only helped Pakistan, but also recent 90% increase in ecommerce market of Pakistan contributed to the 29% growth around the globe. Since the increase in ecommerce had been focused hereby it is important to understand its impact on the economy of Pakistan and how we can get benefit from it. This study uses exploratory study and quantitative analysis of the chosen variable that are e-commerce as percentage of total retail sales and as percentage of GDP, along with literacy rate of Pakistan and unemployment rate of Pakistan. The analysis is conducted by using spearman rank correlation and Pearson correlation. The results of Spearman rank correlation show positive strong correlation between e-commerce as percentage of retail sales and literacy rate, which meansthey are directly proportional to each other. Also, the Pearson correlation results show negativestrong correlation between ecommerce as percentage of GDP of Pakistan and unemployment rate of Pakistan, which means increase in any of them, would cause other one decrease. Hereby, it's concluded that there is an explicit impact of the ecommerce market in the economy of Pakistan and increase in ecommerce activities would help in decreasing the unemployment rate of the Pakistan, however, increase in literacy rate would be required.

Keywords: Ecommerce, Employment, IT Sector, Pakistan, Literacy, Developing Economies.

Apart from several adverse effects of the pandemic, its effect of covid-19 on education has been good for students; students may need to adopt the new strategies of online learning through advanced technology to succeed in the education amid COVID-19 pandemic. Through the survey, the researchers analyzed the difficulties faced by teachers and students during online education. This paper also aimed to asses as well as evaluate access and usage of the online/digital education of students. The survey sample was with 150 students from two public and private universities of Islamabad,survey conducted through a designed questionnaire via Google sheet. Sharing pre-reading material with students, the video should be added in lectures, and understating unstable internet issues are proposed recommendations.

Keywords: Pandemic, COVID-19, Online Education, Impact, Strategies.

The COVID 19 pandemic drove the students out of the classrooms and involuntary lead them to study under flexible learning system. The pandemic also made the students engage in entrepreneurial activities. The purpose of the study is to explore the reasons why the students engaged in entrepreneurial activity amidst the pandemic and determine their personality traits and entrepreneurial propensity. Using survey instrument and interview-guide questionnaire, basic interpretive analysis and descriptive-correlation analysis were performed to explore the reasons for entrepreneurial engagement and determine the personal characteristics and its influence on entrepreneurial propensity. Losing the source of family income and out of curiosity and boredom were the primary reasons why the students started doing a business. Openness to experience scored high while extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism obtained moderate score. The big five personality traits have been found to have significant relationship with entrepreneurial propensity.

Keywords: Entrepreneurial Intention, Entrepreneurial Education, Entrepreneurs, Big Five Factors.

Since the 80s, the business dynamics were modified, establishing, in this case, in a developing region, essential companies in the automotive and clothing sector. As a result of the Value Chain fragmentation some companies settled, losing performance, and letting local and micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) disappear. This research aims to analyze how the MSMEs Value Chain is managed. Also, to determine the impact of the Value Chain administration for the MSMEs Competitiveness in a developing country. To this end, a cross-sectional, and quantitative research was carried out, a survey (148 MSMEs) designed in such a way that it considers in the first place the Value Chain (CV) factor, which in turn is formed by the dimensions of Production Systems (SP), evaluated by eighteen questions aimed at analyzing the level of automation in these businesses. In addition, the Logistics of the Company (LE) factor was evaluated by thirty-eight questions that analyze the state of supply purchases, supply warehouse, disposition of materials to production and distribution to customers. Whereas the Competitiveness (CO) factor was measured by four questions with a 5 points Likert scale. As a result, a positive and significant correlation of the Value Chain on Competitiveness in MSMEs in the central region of Mexico, was obtained. First, however, it is discussed how the Value Chain in MSMEs is at a basic development of operation and with little application of technology and systems.

Keywords: Value Chain, Production Systems, Logistics, Automation, Competitiveness.

With the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the last two decades, data exchange between different sources has changed. The integration of AI models (physical objects) and Big Data Analytics to process IoT data has triggered the development of Digital Twin, one of the latest and most significant developments in technology. The DT application involves real-time monitoring, design/planning, optimization, maintenance, remote access, etc. The application is expected to grow exponentially in the coming years. Discussions about digital twin concepts, paradigms, frameworks, applications, and technologies have been attractive in academia and industrial communities, but the concept is relatively new and has various perspectives and applications. Therefore, this article aims to create a synthesis by examining the history, different definitions, and industrial applications of DT comprehensively and in-depth and contributing significantly to the developments in DT.

Keywords: Digital Twin, Product Lifecycle, Industrial Application, Literature Review, Technology.